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Grypania may have been either a bacterial colony or a eukaryote - an organism with specialized cells, enclosed in a membrane.

卷曲藻可能是一个菌落，或者一种真核生物——其包裹在细胞膜内的细胞功能已经出现分化的生物体。

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This layout, where there are enough specialized cells, or leaders, but no two are right next to each other, is very similar to how tasks are divvied up in distributed networks, says Bar-Joseph.

Bar-Joseph表示，在这样的布局当中，果蝇有足够的特化细胞，但是他们彼此并不相邻。 这与分布性网络的分工方式相似。

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We have other ways of protecting; many of our cells are inside our body protected by specialized cells of our skeletal system.

人类有其它的保护机制,我们体内的细胞受,特化的骨骼细胞保护

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Fibroblasts are specialized cells that exist in connective tissues.

成纤维细胞是,出现在结缔组织中的特化细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, the endocrine system is a body organ system that is specialized in producing these kinds of signals that are used - that accumulate in the blood and are used by cells all over the body.

内分泌系统是一种,作用于周身各器官的系统,它专门产生这些有用的信号,这些信号在血液中聚集,全身各处的细胞都可利用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Stem cells are the primitive master cells found in most tissues that help generate more-specialized cells that perform most functions inside the body.

FORBES: Cancer Killer

And on first examination, it appeared that the adult brain cells had indeed reverted to the less specialized state of the cells placed alongside them.

BBC: Stem cell research doubts

Researchers have developed methods of inserting genes to "turn back the clock" on cells that have already specialized, so that they can turn into anything again.

CNN: Cloning stem cells: What does it mean?