The exception is the special directory entries in a directory for the directory itself and for its parent (. and ..), which are hard links that maintain the count of the number of subdirectories.
和 ..） 的特殊目录条目，它们是保持大量子目录计数的硬链接。
Jelliffe's formula was a count of element types, attributes, and various special cases of these measured either from a DTD or from one or more instance documents.
Jelliffe的公式是计算元素类型、属性和各种特殊情况的个数，可以使用DTD或者一个或多个实例文档。
Modern examples, such as Alex the African grey parrot, which could count up to six and knew sums and differences, are seen by some as special cases or the product of conditioning.
较近的例子，比如能数到6，懂得和与差的非洲灰鹦鹉alex，它只不过是特殊条件或训练的结果。
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