The space energetic particle environment inducing SEU includes galactic cosmic ray, solar cosmic ray and high-energy trapped protons and heavy ions.

引发单粒子翻转的空间高能带电粒子环境包括银河宇宙线，太阳宇宙线和地球辐射带中的高能质子及重离子。

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Engineers think the problem was caused by a cosmic ray or solar particle that hit the spacecraft's electronics.

工程师们认为这个问题是由于宇宙射线或者太阳粒子击中飞船的电子设备所引起的。

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The time variation of the cosmic ray flux is one of crucial problems in the field of cosmic ray physics, solar geophysics and astrophysics, etc.

宇宙线强度随时间的变化，是宇宙线物理、太阳地球物理和天体物理等交叉学科中的重要问题之一。

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Eichler thinks that such a sun-grazing comet may have triggered a large solar flare and cosmic ray-generating shockwaves as recently as 775 A.D.

FORBES: Sun-Grazing Comets As Triggers For Electromagnetic Armageddon

Svensmark then teamed up with Friis-Christensen to review solar activity, cloud cover and cosmic ray levels recorded using satellite data available since 1979.

FORBES: Sorry, But With Global Warming It's The Sun, Stupid

But if Svensmark was correct, it would mean that periods of high solar output should coincide with reduced cloud formation (due to reduced cosmic ray incidence), which in turn would have a warming effect on the Earth, since less sunlight would be reflected back into space by clouds.

FORBES: Did CLOUD Just Rain on the Global Warming Parade?