Studies reveal the most costly aspects of software development and maintenance: change analysis, design, and testing.

研究表明，以下方面是软件开发和维护中开销最大的方面：变更分析、设计和测试。

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The first wave of offshore outsourcing was in computer programming, sending software development and maintenance abroad, mainly to India.

首先出现的计算机程序跨国外包浪潮将软件开发及维护工作转移到国外（主要是印度）。

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The system adopts system model-building mode and the MVC mode for development to separate the video diagram, control and model so as to facilitate software development and maintenance.

该系统采用了系统建模的方式，采用了MVC设计模式进行开发，做到视图、控制、模型三部分的分离，使软件的开发与维护更加方便。

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This kind of myopic thinking is one of the biggest challenges for IT companies that reap a large share of their revenues from services application development and maintenance, infrastructure management and validation software.

FORBES: IT services are not like baseball caps

When his colleagues contemplated project costs, they thought about development costs, hardware costs and software costs, but not about support and maintenance costs after the technology is implemented, for instance.

FORBES: There's A Smarter Way To Tighten An IT Budget