Smaller sodium ions leave the glass, and larger potassium ions from the salt bath replace them.

更小的钠离子会离开玻璃，而盐槽中更大的钾离子会替代这些空缺。

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In chemical tempering, sodium ions in the surface are replaced with potassium ions, which are about 30 percent larger.

还有化学退火的方法，即用尺寸大30%的钾离子取代表面的钠离子。

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When a person died of water intoxication, it usually starts with an acute imbalance of sodium ions that cause damage to large cells.

一个死于水中毒的人，常常起发于严重的钠离子失衡所致的大细胞受损。

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However, when that gate is opened, the sodium channel is now going to be incredibly selective and only let through sodium ions and no other type of ion.

但是，当闸门打开的时候，钠离子通道,将会有极高的选择性,不允许除钠离子以外的任何其它离子通过。

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The ones that are most important in physiology are ones that only allow ions to go through: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate.

在生理学上这种,只能允许某种离子通过的通道十分重要,这些离子包括钠离子,钾离子,氯离子,钙离子和碳酸氢根离子

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So, for example, if we look at sodium channels, and sodium channels are some of the particularly prevalent ones when we're talking about neurons, if you think about the cell membrane, and this little green cartoon is me trying to show a sodium channel here, and in this case, you can see that it's closed, such that no ions are getting through.

比如，让我们来看一下钠离子通道，钠离子通道是我们会经常遇到的几个之一,在讨论神经元的时候，如果大家想想细胞膜，而这个绿色的小示意图就是我用来表示,钠离子通道的，在这种情况下，大家可以看到它是关闭的，因此没有离子可以通过。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

This channel is then unable to move around and line up with an inner channel, so it cannot transmit sodium ions.

ECONOMIST: Medical diagnostics

The first of these to do so let sodium ions in.

ECONOMIST: Andrew Huxley | The

But the right circumstances depend on what is happening in the lipid layers because, by itself, a single gramicidin channel is not long enough to span the membrane and thus let any sodium ions through.

ECONOMIST: Medical diagnostics