Carbon dioxide, in his view, is the main culprit. Black carbon deposited on the Arctic snow and ice, he says, will have only a minimal effect on its reflectivity.

他认为二氧化碳是主要的“凶手”，而北冰洋雪和冰上聚集的黑碳对反射作用的影响很小。

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Beyond warming the atmosphere, black carbon can also speed the melting of glaciers by literally turning them black - soot on snow makes the ice heat up faster.

除了给大气加热，炭黑还能覆盖冰川表面，便其表面颜色变黑，从而加速冰川融化。

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Black carbon is a particular problem in the Arctic and the Himalayan glaciers; it melts snow and ice and thus increases the tendency to absorb heat from the sun.

黑碳是北极与喜马拉雅冰川[所面临的]特定问题；它融化冰雪，因此吸收太阳热量的趋势增加。

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The boy hopped in the snowed-in family car to warm up, but the engine was running and the exhaust pipe was blocked by snow, causing carbon monoxide to accumulate in the car.

CNN: STORY HIGHLIGHTS

Black carbon deposited on the Arctic snow and ice, he says, will have only a minimal effect on its reflectivity.

ECONOMIST: Climate change in the Arctic

The rising tree population could disrupt the natural processes that cycle snow and energy through the region and increase the amount of carbon it stores, according to the researchers.

CNN: Shrub census shows Alaskan Arctic losing its cool