Dr Hall looked for links between the placebo effect's strength and certain mutations, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in which a single DNA "letter" in a gene is changed.

霍尔博士寻找了安慰剂效应强度和某些基因突变之间的联系，这些突变被称为“单核苷酸多态性”（SNPs），其基因中单个DNA的碱基“字母”序列发生改变。

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The scientists looked for common genetic variations - known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (Snps) - linked to the three cancers.

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But DNA chip technology for scanning these so-called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs ("snips"), was prohibitively expensive in 2000.

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These small mistakes are called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs.

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