This paper focuses on the effects of the distributed bolts and bolt-holes on the shell flange-end bending stress, and suggests a more practical calculation model on shell-end stress.
本文着重分析了离散分布的螺栓及螺栓孔对筒体端部应力的影响，对筒体端部的应力计算提出了一个更接近实际的计算模型。
Tightness test both the shell and tube sides of the exchanger to check that the flange gaskets are holding tight.
紧力测试对热交换器的管程与壳程，检查法兰垫圈是否紧密。
When the flange vessel pattern has not been able to satisfy the above requirements in the check of the pressure vessel shell, then this requirement should be marked in the pattern.
当法兰所在容器图样对容器壳体的检验要求未能满足上述要求时，则该要求在图样中标明。
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