Because it's all digital, it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing, and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.

因为它全是数字化的，它淘汰了二手书市场，也杜绝了任何共享，而且因为作业和考试都是通过准入码进行的，它让人们失去了选择退出的任何能力。

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But because it's all digital, it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing, and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.

但因为它全是数字化的，它消除了二手书市场，也消除了任何共享，而且因为作业和考试都是通过准入码进行的，它消除了任何选择退出的能力。

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Sharing notes in an exam hall, or collaborating on some of the essays and homework assignments, was strictly forbidden.

在考试厅里分享笔记或就论文或家庭作业进行合作，都被严格禁止。

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If you have profit sharing in a firm or profit sharing in homework assignment, or any joint projects, you have to worry about too little effort being contributed because there's an externality.

如果你是一个公司的股东,或者和别人一起做作业及其他合作项目,你们需要注意到因为外部性,实际上每个人都付出了较少的努力

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选