This paper references the concept of shadow cost of public funds, analyzes the social welfares of distribution system.

文中参考公共资金影子成本的概念，分析了竞争条件下配电系统的社会福利；

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This article concerns the shadow cost concept and discusses the relationship between shadow cost and dual price according to linear programmings economic meaning of dual variable and shadow price.

本文根据线性规划问题对偶变量和影子价格的经济意义，给出了影子成本的概念，讨论了影子成本与对偶价格的关系。

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Unfortunately in the congestion cost allocation to congested lines, the shadow price method and the marginal and incremental method existed have some defects.

然而在阻塞费用对阻塞线路的分摊中，目前提出的影子价格法和边际微增法仍存在一些不合理的地方。

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Everyone knows that foreclosure is an awful experience, but I think many of us we surprised at how high the shadow cost of breaching must be.

FORBES: NGDP in the Long Run and Economic Plasticity

Shadow Cabinet Office minister Tessa Jowell agreed that the cost of the redundancy scheme needed to be reduced and currently provides "overly generous and disproportionate benefits for some very highly-paid people".

BBC: Superannuation Bill part 1

The Arcoxia results will represent yet another minefield for Merck, now operating under the shadow of more than 11, 000 Vioxx lawsuits that could cost it many billions of dollars.

FORBES: Vioxx, The Sequel