The first part describes historical evolution of joint and several obligation.

本文第一部分为连带债务制度的历史沿革。

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The main purpose of the joint and several obligation is to protect the interests of the creditor and to secure the safety of the transaction.

连带债务制度将数个债务人的财产总和作为保障债权实现的责任财产，最大限度地保护了债权人的利益，促进了交易安全。

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This essay sets forth thoroughly the carrying out the promise on both insurers and raises several suggestions for the informing obligation of the insurers.

本文详细阐述了保险双方当事人告知义务的履行，并针对保险人的告知义务提出了几点建议。

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If rules are decided by one or even several countries, China does not have the obligation to abide by that.

BBC: Obama to China: 'Act like a grown-up'

Several observers have noted that Wahid has saddled himself with a coalition cabinet in which the parties are under no obligation to support him.

CNN: Golkar Stirs the Party Pot