Techniques for controlling particulates include filtering, washing, centrifugal separation, and electrostatic precipitation.

控制颗粒污染物的技术包括过滤、 洗涤、 离心分离、 静电沉降。

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The space charge model, the fixed-charge model, the electrostatic and three-dimensional hindrance model, Donnan-steric pore model can be applied to characterize electrolyte and ion separation.

分离电解质和离子时包括空间电荷模型、固定电荷模型、 静电阻碍模型和道南-细孔模型。

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In one embodiment, electrons are confined by magnetic forces and ions by internal, electrostatic forces that arise due to charge separation of the two fluids.

在一个实施例中，电子受到磁场力的约束，离子受到因两种流体的电荷分离产生的内部静电力约束。

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