Previous smaller studies have identified the pain reduction benefits of 10 to 30 minutes of skin-to-skin contact or a dose of sugar water separately.

之前有过小型研究已发现抱10-30分钟或者给予一定量的糖水可以减轻新生儿疼痛。

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The condenser is of the direct-contact type, since the steam does not have to be condensed separately from cooling water and returned to a boiler.

凝汽器为直接接触式，因蒸汽不必与冷却水隔开凝结并返回至锅炉。

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The two officers appear to maintain contact, separately, with different groups on the ground in different regions of Syria.

WSJ: Syrian Brass Defect, Buoying Rebels

After he was arrested in September 2011, police were contacted separately by the single mother who had become concerned about a man who had used Facebook to contact her to try to develop a relationship.

BBC: Child sex offender jailed for Facebook approach to mother