There's no reason to upgrade, said Mr Gorbold, if a better graphics card, more memory or more powerful chip in your self-built system has no effect on what you see on screen.

Gorbold说，如果更好的显卡，更多的内存和能强悍的芯片对你的使用没有效果，那自然没有升级的理由。

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Biological Immune is a highly complexity and self-adaptive system with capability of learning, memory acquisition, pattern recognition and so on.

生物免疫是一个高度复杂的自适应系统，具有学习、记忆和模式识别的能力。

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Getting to that stage might mean combining self-assembly methods with lithography, or doing away with the head that reads the data-packed disk and instead creating a self-assembling solid-state system on the model of Flash memory storage used today.

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