The two agencies tasked with penning the rules, the Securities and Exchange Commission (security-based swaps) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the rest), face a huge task.

身负拟法重任的两家中介机构，负责拟定证券类型掉期交易法规的美国证券交易委员会，以及负责其他类型交易法规的美国商品期货交易委员会，面临着繁重的任务。

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Ashley Alder, chief executive of the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), said the new rules "will incentivise sponsors to raise standards, pick the right deals and manage them well, which should in turn reduce risks for investors and all those involved in the initial public offerings".

BBC: Trading floor at Hong Kong Stock Exchange