The online era has made command-and-control management as dead as dial-up Internet The second obligation that information creates for executives is to identify and mentor thought leaders.

互联网时代让命令和控制的管理方式像拨号网络一样被淘汰了。信息的第二项贡献是，为管理人员创造了识别和指导的思想引导。

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Because we see the second request as a lesser burden-and therefore a favor to us-we are likely to give in out of perceived obligation.

因为我们把第二个请求看成较小的负担，于我们是个恩惠，所以我们很有可能出于意识到的责任而屈服。

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Here the first thing is a legal obligation to maintain social justice while the second is to protect one's personal interests.

第一点是维护社会正义的法律义务，第二点是保护自身利益的合法行为。

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The second is the obligation of memory.

WSJ: The Weekend Interview with Yang Jisheng: Reading Hayek in Beijing

But Postmaster General Patrick Donahoe said the Postal Service would do whatever it takes to maintain its operations, even if that means defaulting on a second multibillion-dollar retiree obligation in as many months.

WSJ: Postal Service Registers $5.2 Billion Loss

Second, downward accountability is the obligation that the provider or the institution has to the learners.

UNESCO: Accountability