Beginning in the 1960s, physicists were using tools adapted from the semiconductor industry to create new materials from scratch, building them up layer-by-layer at the atomic scale.

在20世纪60年代初，物理学家们使用半导体工业中使用的工具来从头开始创建新材料，在原子尺度上一层层地建立它们。

youdao

The watch features a removable compass that, when used with the scratch-resistant mirror and the compass’s reflective surface, can give any Boy Scout the tools to find his way home.

这款手表的特色在于装了个可移动的指南针，使用手表防刮的镜面和指南针的反射表面能够帮任何一个童子军找到回家的路。

youdao

So they chose instead to create a platform and the tools to allow just about anyone to create an MMO, without having to make their own client and server software from scratch.

因此，他们选择制作一个的平台和工具，允许任何人不用从头去制作他们自己的客户端和服务器软件就能制作mmo。

youdao

You're not going to start for the rest of your life if you ever need to solve a problem with a computer from scratch, odds are you're going to reach for some off the shelf packages or libraries or tools that other people wrote so that people like us don't have to reinvent the wheel again and again.

如果你想用Scratch来解决问题,却使用其他人写的程序,或者利用现成的资料或工具,这样以来,我们的确可以避免做重复性的工作,但却永远学不会编程。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选