scratch /skrætʃ/ CET4 TEM4 ( scratching, scratched, scratches )

• 1. 

  V-T If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching. 挠

  例：

  He scratched himself under his arm.

  他在自己腋下挠了挠。

  例：

  The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side.

  那位老人撩起他的开襟毛衣挠了挠身子侧面。

• 2. 

  V-T If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface. 划破

  例：

  The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face.

  那些树枝挂了我的夹克，划破了我的双手和脸。

• 3. 

  N-COUNT Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts. 划伤

  例：

  The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck.

  那个7岁的孩子被找到时正在哭，脸上和颈上都有划伤。

• 4. 

  PHRASE If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before. 从零开始

  例：

  Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.

  白手起家既激动人心又具有挑战性。

• 5. 

  PHRASE If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle. 绞尽脑汁思考

  例：

  The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.

  这家研究所花大量时间绞尽脑汁思考怎样推进美国的生产力。