Most object-oriented languages have constructs to constrain the visibility (or scope) of type and type-member declarations.

大多数面向对象语言都有控制类型或者类型成员可见性（作用域）声明的结构。

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To exactly duplicate the effect of the DTD declarations in XML Schema, the elements Title and Author must have a global scope, as in Listing 9.

为了在XML Schema中实现与DTD声明完全相同的效果，元素Title和Author必须是全局范围的，如清单9中所示。

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Use the NSStack class to track the scope of XML namespace declarations.

使用nsstack类跟踪XML名称空间声明的作用域。

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