This support is often swayed by the immediate needs as perceived at that time. In this way the direction of scientific effort is shaped by society at large.
但这种支持会因社会问题的轻重缓急而有所变化,所以从这种意义上来说,在通常情况下,社会需求决定着科研工作的方向。
Many were inspired to take up the challenge, some even changing the entire direction of their scientific careers.
他们中的许多人接受了挑战,一些人甚至因此改变了整个科学生涯的走向。
Because of lack of both the profound personality background and the direction of the technological philosophy and the scientific esthetics, modern arts relapse into a mess made by itself.
由于缺乏深厚的人文背景以及科技哲学和科技美学的指导,现代科学和技术越来越陷入自设的困境。
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