An honorary guard looked on as officials placed wreaths at the foot of the monument to the defenders of Westerplatte at 4:45 am local time, the exact time that the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein began shelling this tiny Polish military outpost.

VOA: standard.2009.09.01

Legislatures can sometimes overturn referendum results, as Schleswig-Holstein's did for the spelling reform, and courts have modified them.

ECONOMIST: If you thought Germany did not do referendums, think again

In the 18th century, Denmark was a great power, controlling much of Scandinavia, all of Schleswig-Holstein, and Iceland.

ECONOMIST: Denmark and the European Union: Still an odd man out? | The

Schleswig-Holstein plans to generate three times as much renewable energy as it consumes and to export the surplus south and west.

ECONOMIST: Germany��s energy transformation