Mean velocity profile, turbulence intensity profile, integral scale and wind spectra are the most fundamental characteristics that describe the atmospheric turbulent boundary layer flow.

平均速度剖面，湍流度剖面，积分尺度和风谱是反映大气湍流边界层流动的四个最基本的因素。

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It is suggested to use the concept of effective bulk velocity to calculate turbulence length integrate scale.

作者建议使用有效平均速度的概念来计算湍流的积分长度尺度。

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This model focuses on the direct modeling of Reynolds stresses and utilizes split-spectrum concepts to model multiple-scale effects in turbulence.

这种模型对雷诺应力进行直接的模拟，并可模拟湍流流动的多重尺度影响。

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While a single wind-turbine does not affect the global atmosphere, the installation of a large number of such devices will interfere with the atmospheric circulation and diminish the extraction efficiency on the large scale, since any extraction of momentum will act in competition with natural wind-power energy dissipation by turbulence in the boundary layer.

FORBES: Researchers Warn Of Climatic Consequences To Harvesting Wind Energy On Mass Scale