Yet, satellite instruments have generally struggled to achieve accurate measurements of the particles in near-surface air.

然而，卫星仪器通常很难实现近地面空气中细颗粒物的精确测量。

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The problem: Most satellite instruments can't distinguish particles close to the ground from those high in the atmosphere.

问题就在于：大多数卫星仪器无法将那些浮于地表的和悬于大气层中的细颗粒物区分清楚。

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The agreement solves a major obsolescence problem for many legacy satellite programs, enabling producers of satellite payloads and instruments to avoid time-consuming and costly redesigns.

通过这份协议，可以解决许多原有卫星系统的老化问题，允许卫星载荷生产厂商避免浪费更多时间以及进行昂贵的重新设计。

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The instruments aboard the satellite allowed scientists to spot close-in asteroids by picking up the heat they emit, Mainzer said.

CNN: NASA estimates 4,700 'potentially hazardous' asteroids

Some satellite developers are beginning to design spacecraft so that sensitive instruments are located towards the back of the satellite to minimise any risk of impact damage, and the side facing away from earth is shielded to protect it from meteoroids.

ECONOMIST: Orbital debris

The satellite is equipped with necessary sounding instruments.

BBC: Satellite 'transmitting revolutionary hymns'