To this promoter they attached SP15, a candidate vaccine against leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease spread by sand flies that can cause skin sores and organ damage.

在这个促进剂中加入SP15就能够使候选的疫苗预防黑热病，这是一种由蚋(俗称沙蝇)传播、可以引起皮肤溃疡和器官损害的寄生虫病。

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But because relatively few sand flies are infected with the Leishmania parasite - even in endemic areas - a large number of specimens have to be tested to get any informative data.

但是由于感染利什曼原虫的白蛉数量相对较少(甚至是在流行地区)，为了获得有价值的数据，需要测试大量的标本。

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AChEis are found in pesticides that were used to protect soldiers against sand flies and other insects, and in the pyridostigmine bromide pills given to soldiers as part of a pre-treatment against nerve agents.

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