The oil sand bitumen was formed by the biologically degraded crude oil which originates from terrigenous organic matter.

结果表明，其为陆源湖相有机质生成的原油经生物氧化降解形成的。

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Thermal visbreaking of inner Mongolia oil-sand bitumen was conducted at several temperatures for different lengths of time in the laboratory.

对内蒙油砂沥青在不同的温度和时间进行减黏裂化研究。

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Oil sands are naturally occurring geologic formations that contain a mixture of water, sand, and bitumen.

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The industry uses regulated amounts of water from the Athabasca River to separate bitumen from the sand.

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When it is shaken in hot water, bitumen comes away from sand and is sent to a separation vessel to be skimmed off.

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