Consider a set of observations (also called features, attributes, variables or measurements) for each sample of an object or event with known class y.

设观测向量x(也被称作特征、属性、变量、测量值等)对于对象或事件的每一个采样的所属类y都是已知的。

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According to the observations of a sample of indicators, a measure of samples to choose between the targets of the similarity measurement method and use it as the basis for clustering;

根据抽样指标的观测值，选择某种度量样品之间的指标相似度的度量方法，并以此为聚类依据；

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This paper presents evidents that cash-flow volatility is negatively related to firm value using a large sample consisting of 2724 firm-year observations from 1998-2008.

本文通过1998-2008年间2724例公司年样本观察值证明现金流波动率与公司价值显著负相关。

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If you have a sample with n observations, it's the summation I = 1 to n of xi/n--that's the average.

如果你有n个观测值,对Xi从i=1到n求和再除以n

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Therefore, the convention among academic researchers is that it is ok, and you can claim your conclusion based on only a sample of observations, as long as the probability that you are wrong is no bigger than 5%.

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Final results of the first research sample of the investigators' observations will be published in late March.

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