Royal charters bring not only universities but also cities into existence.

皇家特许状不仅适用于大学的创立，也适用于城市的创立。

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Royal charters are formal documents that have been used to establish and lay out the terms of organisations, including the BBC and the Bank of England, and cannot be changed without government approval.

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Together this band of late night policymakers agreed a piece of law to establish and underpin future royal charters, a medieval form of documentation first used in 1066, most commonly to turn towns into cities.

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