At the margin, they may make some unpopular routes viable and increase frequency on others, but the notion that they play a vital role in connecting London with the rest of the world is not supported by the evidence.
This notion that women's natural role as homemakers and mothers gave them a responsibility to act as nature's housekeepers led many socially conservative women to take up environmental activism, campaigning to protect the nation's bird population, which was being decimated by the feather trade, and promoting conservation education in their children's schools.