Then along came RNA editing, in which guide RNAs or enzyme action modify some messenger RNAs such that the final protein sequence cannot be deduced from the gene sequence alone.

但RNA编辑又来捣乱了：向导RNA和酶作用于信使RNA的修饰过程，这就使仅仅从基因序列来推断最终的蛋白序列成为不可能。

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The molecular mechanism and physiological function of recoding by A-to-I RNA editing is well known, but its evolutionary significance remains a mystery.

RNA编辑的分子机制和生理功能的研究已经非常广泛，但其在生物进化过程中的意义仍然是一个谜团。

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RNA editing can occur in all major land plants. The higher plant editing mostly involves C to U conversion in chloroplast genomes. It is essential for correct gene expression and protein folding.

RNA编辑普遍存在于陆生植物中，在高等植物叶绿体中以C→U的替换为主，可能是叶绿体产生功能蛋白的重要方式。

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Instead, differences in composition between warm-water and cold-water ion channels were the result of a phenomenon called RNA editing, in which special enzymes alter the structure of the RNA messenger, and thus of the final protein.

ECONOMIST: A hitherto-unknown way to evolve

Though RNA editing has been observed before, in animals ranging from humans to nematode worms, this is the first time an edit has been tied to a clear evolutionary difference caused by a feature of the environment in this case ambient temperature.

ECONOMIST: A hitherto-unknown way to evolve