The molecular mechanism and physiological function of recoding by A-to-I RNA editing is well known, but its evolutionary significance remains a mystery.

RNA编辑的分子机制和生理功能的研究已经非常广泛，但其在生物进化过程中的意义仍然是一个谜团。

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Then along came RNA editing, in which guide RNAs or enzyme action modify some messenger RNAs such that the final protein sequence cannot be deduced from the gene sequence alone.

但RNA编辑又来捣乱了：向导RNA和酶作用于信使RNA的修饰过程，这就使仅仅从基因序列来推断最终的蛋白序列成为不可能。

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Such small antisense RNAs may later have gained a role in RNA editing, possibly under selective pressure to repair a region or restore a reading frame after loss or erosion of a module.

之后，这些小的反义RNA可能会在RNA拼接中发挥作用，如在选择压力下修复基因组中一个区域，抑或在丧失或损坏一个模块后恢复一个读码框。

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Instead, differences in composition between warm-water and cold-water ion channels were the result of a phenomenon called RNA editing, in which special enzymes alter the structure of the RNA messenger, and thus of the final protein.

ECONOMIST: A hitherto-unknown way to evolve

Though RNA editing has been observed before, in animals ranging from humans to nematode worms, this is the first time an edit has been tied to a clear evolutionary difference caused by a feature of the environment in this case ambient temperature.

ECONOMIST: A hitherto-unknown way to evolve