由于这些金融工具或借贷合约 的共同特征是违约风险低，所以它们的利率往往被称为无风险利率（Riskless Interest Rate），是金融市场常用的定价参照系，故也被称为基准（Benchmark ）利率。
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The cause is that is very difficult to predict the stock market future cash dividends and to choice the riskless interest rate reasonably.
这是因为在合理预报股市未来现金股利大小和选择无风险利率时遇到了困难。
Credit spreads-that is to say, the risk premium over and above the riskless rate of interest-widened to unprecedented levels and eventually the stock market also was overwhelmed by panic.
信用利差(即高于无风险利率的风险溢价)被放大到前所未有的程度，并且导致股票市场充斥着恐慌情绪。
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