This model explains the relationship between money and output by appealing to the idea of reverse causation.

真实经济周期模型用反向因果关系的概念来解决货币与产出的关系。

youdao

Objective to explain how to use Mendelian randomization for reasonable etiological inferences to avoid confounding and reverse causation often seen in observational epidemiological studies.

目的阐述在观察性流行病学研究中如何运用孟德尔随机化方法进行科学合理的病因推断，以控制混杂因素和反向因果关联对结果的影响。

youdao

Maybe the causation flows in reverse: voters elect Republicans in times of economic hardship and Democrats when the economy (and the stock market) is doing well.

FORBES: Maybe Tall Democratic Presidents Are Better For Stocks