Chemical synapses also serve to amplify neuronal signals, so that even a small presynaptic nerve terminal can alter the response of a large postsynaptic cell.

化学突触也经常用来放大神经信号，即便是一个很小的突触后细胞也能改变一个很大的突触后细胞对信号的响应。

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HSCs are the major cell type involved in liver fibrosis, which is the formation of scar tissue in response to liver damage.

肝星状细胞是一种与肝纤维化密切相关的主要的细胞种类，它在肝受到损伤时形成瘢痕组织。

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Peter Andrews, director of the Centre for Stem cell Biology at the University of Sheffield, says the MIT team's key advance is suppressing the cell's immune response to RNA.

谢菲尔德大学干细胞生物中心的主任Peter Andrews说，麻省理工研究小组的主要进展就是克服了细胞对RNA的免疫反应。

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It's the way, for example, that foreign molecules or antigens get presented to cells of your immune system in order to start the process of making an immune response, so sometimes a cell/cell interaction.

通过这种方式,外源分子,或者说抗原,进入到免疫系统的细胞中后,就会开启免疫反应过程,有时候就是细胞之间的相互作用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Once inside, the zinc then put the brakes on further activity in the NF-kB pathway, slowing down the immune response and limiting the amount of inflammation, the study, in Cell Reports, indicated.

BBC: Zinc 'keeps immune system in check'

What scientists have been looking for are proteins which are found on the tumour cells - but not on every other cell of the body - which provoke some sort of immune response.

BBC: Find boosts cancer vaccine hopes

The team, at the Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology at Oxford University, were looking for a protein, called gamma-H2AX, which is produced in response to damaged DNA. This tends to be one of the first steps on the road to a cell becoming cancerous.

BBC: One test may 'find many cancers'