The model is stratified into five levels: Event Layer, Phases Layer, Representation Layer, Decision-making Layer and Action Layer.

该模型分为五个层次：事件层、表示层、阶段层、决策层和行动层。

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The system adopts a 4-tier architecture, including representation layer, business facade layer, business rules layer, and data access layer.

系统采用了表示层、业务外观层、业务规则层、数据层的四层体系结构。

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The business layer should operate on business objects — not on a particular data representation tied to the view.

业务层应该对业务对象进行操作，而不是对与视图相关的特定数据表示进行操作。

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