Factor supporting antitrust regulation is not enterprise's scale but transaction costs, enough of which will engender serious problems of entry barrier and non-efficiency market power.

支持反垄断规制的不是企业规模，而是交易费用，足够的交易费用会造成严重的进入壁垒问题，进而产生严重的非效率式市场力量和非效率利润。

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Food business operators may continue to use stocks and equipment that they ordered before the entry into force of this Regulation until they are exhausted or require replacement.

经营者仍可继续使用在规章生效前购买的原料和设备，直至其报废或更换。

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Article 32 the infringing ACTS committed prior to the entry into operation of this Regulation shall be handled under the relevant provisions in force of the State at the time when they were committed.

第三十二条本条例施行前发生的侵权行为，依照侵权行为发生时的国家有关规定处理。

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However, at an economy-wide level, this is not necessarily because product regulation and employment protection discourage the entry of new firms.

ECONOMIST: Economics focus

In such cases, stringent regulation might hinder the adoption of technology by existing firms, or restrict the entry of new high-tech firms.

ECONOMIST: Economics focus