The time domain reflection measurement is an advanced and universal test method. Through this approach, the characteristic impedance and the breaking point of the wire can be detected.

时域反射测量是一种技术先进、应用广泛的测量方法，它能有效的测量出线缆的特征阻抗并且确定出断点的位置。

youdao

Upon reflection, policy is best defined using current-period accounting of carbon stocks and flows, ideally with direct, measurement-based, verifiable tallies of GHG emissions from the production and use of all fuels and feedstocks.

FORBES: Rethinking Life-Cycle Fuel Regulations