Preferred stock is often referred to as a hybrid security because it has many characteristics of both common stock and bond.

优先股常常被人称为混合证券，因为它兼有普通股和债券的特点。

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This has been relentless all week.”". Business Week also referred to the crisis as a "stock market crash" or the "Panic of 2008."

商业周刊提及这次危机也使用了诸如“股市崩溃”或者“2008年的恐慌”之类的字眼。

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The relationship between the economy and the national stock market is inseparable. Stock market is generally referred as barometer of national economy which is not always true in different condition.

一般而言，经济波动与证券市场波动紧密联系，股市常被称为国民经济的“晴雨表”，但这一理论是建立在一定假设前提基础上的。

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BUBBLE-BRAINED FEARS Alan Greenspan, his Federal Reserve colleagues and a number of financial pundits have frequently referred to current stock market evaluations as a "bubble" that can only come to grief.

FORBES: Fact and Comment

Each idea is referred to as a stock, and those mock securities are classified as "Savings Bonds, " which focus on cost-cutting, "Bow Jones, " which build on existing technologies, and "Spazdaq, " which describes ideas using entirely new technology.

WSJ: My Colleague, My Paymaster

Recently a lot has been written about the emergence of new private company stock marketplaces (often referred to s secondary marketplaces) where buyers and sellers of private company securities can connect and transact.

FORBES: The Case For Private Company Stock Marketplaces