The efficiency of a real system is always less than 1 because of friction between moving parts.

由于运动部件之间存在摩擦力，所以实际系统的效率永远小于1。

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Taking into account the friction force between obturator ring and liner, this approach is closer to the real condition than the conventional one.

该方法考虑了闭气环与衬套之间的摩擦力，比常规方法更接近实际；

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The real-time identification of material properties and friction coefficient is as the key to intelligent control of deep drawing process.

材料性能参数和摩擦系数的实时识别是实现拉深过程智能化控制的关键。

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But as inner cities gentrify, the poor are being displaced, and it has created real friction in San Francisco and Washington.

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Behind the clichs are some real friction points, and they go way beyond how people dress or what company dining rooms look like.

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This real-time aspect removes a lot of friction photo sharing process, Gil says.

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