It assesses the basic knowledge and skills for life: reading literacy, mathematical literacy, scientific literacy and problem-solving abilities.

评价的内容主要是生活所需要的基本知识和技能：阅读素养、数学素养、科学素养以及问题解决能力。

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Standards in Finland have vastly improved in reading, math and science literacy over the past decade, in large part because its teachers are trusted to do whatever it takes to turn young lives around.

在过去的十年里，芬兰的阅读、数学和科学素养标准都有了很大提高，很大程度上因为人们信任芬兰的老师们会尽其所能来改变年轻人的生活。

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This increase in literacy, in reading, led to an increase in demand for eyeglasses.

读写能力，阅读能力的提高，导致了对眼镜需求的增加。

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The global rankings are the result of two studies - the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS).

BBC: Northern Ireland is 'best in Europe' at primary maths

The 1991 IEA Reading Literacy Study assessed the reading literacy of 4th and 9th grade pupils in 31 countries and looked at performance in the narrative, expository, and documents domains.

UNESCO: II Part Analytic Section

The IEA is probably best known for its Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), an international large-scale assessment of learning outcomes (ILSA) for primary school learners in science and mathematics, as well as for PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study).

UNESCO: Article on assesment