Common diagnostics include beep codes (which vary from vendor to vendor) or diagnostic codes that can be written out to a specific raw address.

通常的诊断包括响铃代码(不同供应商提供的代码都不相同)，或者可以写入到某个特定裸地址的代码。

youdao

My programmer software now understands only the raw binary files starting from address 0.

我的编程器软件现在只能识别从地址0开始的原始二进制文件。

youdao

Like humans, they need to convert energy from natural raw materials, replenish reserves and of course, address the issue of waste management.

FORBES: EcoBots: A Real Life Back To The Future Car, Only Greener

As Apple is using the reply-to address of a message's User Data Header to identify the origin rather than the raw source, receiving iPhone owners risk being fooled by a phishing attack (or just a dishonest acquaintance) that poses as a contact or a company.

ENGADGET: iPhone reportedly vulnerable to text message spoofing flaw