Inquiry into the nature of things based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods.

自然科学基于逻辑推理而不是凭经验得来的方法来探究事物的本质。

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Empirical evidences show that the distributions of high frequency time series are "fat tail" type distribution rather than normal distribution with "light tail" as those in traditional modeling.

经验表明高频时间序列的分布常是“肥尾”型的，而非传统建模中的“薄尾”型的正态分布。

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Many of the early branches of engineering were based not on science but on empirical information that depended on observation and experience rather than on theoretical knowledge.

许多早期的工程分支不是基于科学，而是建立在以观察和经验基础而非理论知识为基础的经验上的。

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Of course, any politician who says Washington has a spending problem, rather than a revenue problem, is speaking from a position of anti-tax ideology, rather than empirical data, so a rebuttal is probably pointless.

FORBES: When it Comes to Taxes, Wealthy Investors Actually "Get It"

This model is unique, says Dr Reisner, in its ability to predict from first principles the rate at which a fire spreads, rather than relying on empirical rules of thumb devised from observation.

ECONOMIST: Next, the fire forecast