To establish the rate of mutation, the team examined an area of the Y chromosome.

为了确定基因突变的速率，这个团队对他们Y染色体的某个区域进行了仔细的测定。

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While most disease-causing mutated are found in humans at a rate of one in a few thousand to one in a few million people, founder mutation can occur at much higher rates.

虽然大多数致病突变在人类中发现的概率为千分之一到百万分之一，但基础突变发生的几率可能高得多。

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That strongly suggests a faster mutation rate is at least part of the answer.

这一发现充分说明：更快的突变速率至少在一定程度上解答了上述的问题。

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The reason for that is that the influenza virus has a rapid rate of mutation, forcing companies that manufacture the vaccine to make their best guess as to which flu types will be more prevalent in a given season.

FORBES: One Step Closer to a Universal Flu Vaccine?

The trio published work in 1999 showing that they could increase the rate of HIV mutation.

FORBES: Magazine Article

So some unlucky kids suffer just because of the background mutation rate.

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