Keep main reserve currencies stable in the exchange rate, and avoid adopting competitive devaluation measures.

二是主要储备货币发行国保持汇率相对稳定，避免采取竞争性贬值措施。

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Many economists reckon Latvia is simply a replay of Argentina's mess in 2001, when a quixotic effort to keep a pegged exchange rate ended in devaluation and default.

许多经济学家都认为拉脱维亚就是2001年阿根廷经济危机的翻版，那时阿根廷不切实际的试图采取钉住汇率制，但最终导致货币贬值，并拖欠债务。

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The 1930s gold standard was a fixed exchange rate system in which deficit countries were required to adjust by way of deflation rather than devaluation.

上世纪30年代实行的“金本位制”是一种固定汇率制度，赤字国家必须通过通缩、而非汇率贬值的方式进行调整。

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And already, because of inflation in Brazil and price deflation in Argentina, the real exchange rate between them is close to its pre-devaluation level.

ECONOMIST: Another president caught in Argentina’s economic trap | The

Between 1984 and 1988 the average annual rate of inflation was 14.5%, of devaluation 14.3% and of economic growth 3.2%.

ECONOMIST: International rescue

But his government's handling of this month's devaluation of the peso, and its adoption of a dual exchange rate (temporarily, it says), have added new snags.

ECONOMIST: Argentina's crisis