The elastic rigidity of rail pad and ballast stiffness of rail and clamping force of fastener are the main factors that cause the widening of gauge.

钢轨垫层和道床的刚度、轨刚度和扣件扣压力是影响轮轨之间作用力和轨距扩大的主要因素。

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The special pulling rivet of rail wagon is a connecting fastener which has higher requirements on the performance parameters.

铁路货车专用拉铆钉是铁路货车连接紧固件，性能参数要求较高。

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Is mainly composed of upper and lower cross beams, sliding rail, fastener spools, support, complete with hydraulic station and electrical cabinets.

主要由上、下横梁、滑动横梁、扣片盘、支座组成，配套有液压站和电器柜。

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