Quantum calculations, however, predict that the amount of vacuum energy in the universe should be more than a hundred orders of magnitude greater than has been observed.

然而，量子计算预示着宇宙中总真空能量应比已被观测到的能量高出一百多个数量级。

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Similar to the electric circuit without resistance, electric sources affect the amount of the electric charge and current, but do not affect their quantum fluctuations.

与无耗散的电路类似，电源影响电荷和电流的大小，但不影响电荷和电流的电子涨落。

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Quantum dots are tiny structures made of semiconductors whose size determines, again through rules set by quantum mechanics, exactly what colour and amount of light they produce - and how often they produce it.

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While Professor O'Brien said he is confident that such waveguides are the logical choice for future optical quantum computers, he added that there is still a significant amount of work to do before they make it out of the laboratory.

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The tiny quantum fluctuations that drove the expansion could also have given rise to small variations in the amount of matter from one place to another, seeding the later gravitational growth of stars and galaxies.

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