The output characteristics of PV arrays is the base of research on PV systems.

光伏阵列输出特性是光伏发电系统研究中的最基本问题。

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In the USA, attempts are being made to simulate the demand for PV systems to help drive down production costs.

在美国，已开始尝试模拟PV系统在帮助降低生产消耗方面的需求情况。

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Where there is no public power grid, the PV systems currently operate cost-effectively, due to their low operating costs.

在没有公用电网的情况下，由于系统的低运营成本，就它们当前的表现来看这一系统的成本是可以接受的。

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After Hurricane Andrew in 1992, PV systems were brought in to provide power to shelters and streetlights.

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Nice thing, no fuel cost, and even after 50 years PV systems will operate at least around 75% of initial capacity.

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Eligible improvements (PDF) include not only energy-saving equipment such as insulation, lighting, and HVAC systems but onsite renewable energy (rooftop PV, wind turbines, and fuel cells) and water-saving upgrades such as low-flow plumbing fixtures and grey water systems.

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