Negative externality rules are an important issue in public economics, and the economic efficiency in solving negative externalities is reflected in the costs and benefits in dealing with them.

负外部性规则是公共经济学要研究解决的重要问题，其解决的经济效率反映在外部性处理的成本与效益上。

youdao

Much environmental economics concerns externalities or " public bads".

环境经济学考虑外部性，或者“公害”。

youdao

This article analyzes the causes of market failures in environment economy field. The causes are externalities, public goods and unclear property rights of environment resources.

本文分析了在环境经济领域市场失灵的原因是由环境问题的外部性、环境质量的公共物品性和环境资源产权不清而引起的。

youdao

Voluntary exchange can provide public goods and internalize externalities.

FORBES: No Taxation

But free markets are inadequate or fail altogether in the allocation of public goods, in addressing systemic and catastrophic risks and economic externalities.

FORBES: The Revolution of the riches: Tax us more!

We humans are subject to hyperbolic discounting, not taking full account of long distant future costs for current pleasures, sometimes those running the public health system really do know more than us, there are externalities associated with these behaviours (late night drunks, passive smoking and the visual pollution of someone 300 lbs overweight perhaps).

FORBES: Alcohol, Obesity and Smoking Do Not Cost Health Care Systems Money