They are properties of the object prototype, but unlike the state variables, they have default values as shown in Listing 17.

它们是对象原型的属性，但是与状态变量不同，它们具有清单17所示的默认值。

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The prototype for all RequiredValidator objects is a Validator instance, which has no properties because no parameters are passed to the Validator constructor.

所有RequiredValidator对象的原型都是一个Validator实例，该实例没有任何属性，因为没有参数传递给Validator构造函数。

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Though all objects can read the properties of their prototype object without any issues, modifying them can cause certain issues.. Why is this so?

尽管所有的对象都能顺利的从prototype对象中读取属性，但是却无法修改它们，为什么会这样呢？

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As eardrum vibrations naturally create a usable voltage from brain signals, the prototype can build enough charge in a capacitor to drive a very low-power wireless transmitter that relays the electrochemical properties of the ear and potentially diagnoses balance or hearing problems.

ENGADGET: MIT ear-powered wireless sensor sustains its charge through sound