Rigorous prospective studies are needed to identify mechanisms and causes.

需要进行严格的前瞻性研究以确定机制和原因。

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Large cancer risk studies have increasingly been designed as so-called prospective studies, like this one.

大型的癌症风险研究越来越多的被设计为所谓的前瞻性研究，就像这个研究一样。

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Data from several prospective studies have supported an association, but many other studies have failed to establish a link.

有几项前瞻性研究数据支持此观点，但多数其他研究认为，两者没有联系。

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Both groups of researchers said that the findings needed to be confirmed in much larger, prospective studies.

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Smaller and shorter term prospective studies could be done to see if vitamin D and magnesium are good treatments for people who already have diabetes.

CNN: Do vitamins help against type 2 diabetes?

One of the better prospective studies done on vitamin D and heart disease followed subjects over time, measuring vitamin D levels and following them to see who developed a first incidence of heart attack.

FORBES: Vitamin D: Still More Questions Than Answers