They are closed worlds based on proprietary standards.

它们都是基于专有标准的封闭世界。

youdao

Proprietary standards may not be used by others or may require high cost to use them.

私有标准无法使用或是需要付出高昂的代价。

youdao

A lot of industries have taken service management concerns and created industry-specific proprietary standards that wrap these concerns within them.

很多行业已经开始关注服务管理问题并创建了特定于行业的专有标准来包装这些问题。

youdao

Although the social Web is swinging back more to proprietary standards (e.g. facebook) as companies vie for control, we still need open standards for all for it to work well.

FORBES: Modeling Enterprise Social Business Processes

At any given time, there are a few new proprietary platforms making rapid gains, as well as a huge number of open technologies that are making gradual gains against older, proprietary standards.

FORBES: The Death of Flash and the Quiet Triumph of Open Standards

The result is a familiar tension between proprietary and open standards.

ECONOMIST: Data storage